Controlled Democratisation: Democracy and Islam in Jordan
Glossary and
Dr. Adli Hawwari
Glossary
Ᾱya = Qur’anic verse; plural: āyāt
Ba‛th = Revival; renewal; renaissance
Bay‛a = Endorsement; mandate; pledge of allegiance
Fatwa = Reasoned opinion or judgment based on Islamic teachings or their interpretations
Fiqh = Generally: Comprehension; knowledge. Specifically: jurisprudence in Islam
Fuqahā’ = Learned people in Islamic jurisprudence; singular: faqīh; (cf. fiqh and ‛Ulamā’)
Hadīth = Generally: conversation; talk; specifically: a statement attributed to Prophet Muhammad; plural: ahādīth
Hākim = Ruler; governor; sovereign
Hākimiyya = Generally: dominion; rule; jurisdiction. Specifically: Sovereignty of God (Allah)
Halāl = An action or a notion consistent with Islam’s teachings
Harām = An action or notion not consistent with Islam’s teachings
Hijra = Generally: migration; specifically: the exodus of Muslims from Mecca first to Ethiopia (Habasha), then to Medina
Hudūd = Generally: Limits; edges; boundaries; Specifically: Penal code in Qur’an; singular: hadd
Ijtihād = Reasoning to establish a rule to allow or forbid a notion or an action in a manner consistent with Islamic teachings; more general in meaning than fatwa
Ikhwān = Brothers; same as ikhwa; singular: akh
Jāhiliyya = Era before Islam; erroneously suggested to mean era of ignorance or age of barbarism
Ka‛ba = A room-like structure in the Grand Mosque in Mecca; highly revered by Muslims
Kāfir = Non-believer in Islam; plural: kuffar
Mu‛allaqāt = Poems posted on the walls of Ka‛ba in the pre-Islamic era
Murtad = A person who renounces Islam (apostate)
Riba = Interest on loans (usury)
Salafi = An Islamic trend that follows the perceived example of early Muslims (salaf: predecessors)
Shari‛a = Generally: law; specifically: Islamic law
Shi‛a = Generally: Party; group; specifically: people who supported the right of ‛Ali to succeed Muhammad; followers of the Shi‛i branch of Islam
Shūra = Consultation; deliberation
Sunna = Generally: law; method; way; specifically: Prophet Muhammad’s statements and actions
Sunni = Follower of the Sunna; belongs to the Sunni branch of Islam
Sūra = Chapter in Qur’an; plural: Suwar
Tawhīd = Monotheism; Islamic theology; believing in unity of Allah
‛Ulamā’ = Generally: Scientists; scholars; specifically: people learned in Islamic jurisprudence; singular: ‛Alim (cf. Fiqh and Fuqahā’)
Uli al-Amr = People of responsibility; people in charge
Zina = Intercourse outside wedlock
Acronyms and Abbreviations
ACC = Anti-Corruption Commission in Jordan
AFP = Agence France-Presse (French News Agency)
AI = Amnesty International
AVC = Audio-Visual Commission in Jordan
CDFJ = Centre for Defending Freedom of Journalists in Jordan
CEDAW = Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
CSO = Civil Society Organisation
CSS = Centre for Strategic Studies in Jordan
DFLP = Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine
EIU = Economist Intelligence Unit
FDW = Foreign Domestic Workers
FH = Freedom House
GCC = Gulf Cooperation Council
GDP = Gross Domestic Product
GNP = Gross National Product
Hamas = Islamic Resistance Movement in Palestine
HoD = House of Deputies (Lower house of Jordanian parliament)
HoN = House of Notables (Senate; upper house of Jordanian parliament)
HRW = Human Rights Watch
IAF = Islamic Action Front Party in Jordan
ICC = International Criminal Court
IDEA = International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance
IMF = International Monetary Fund
JD = Jordanian Dīnār (Jordan’s currency: US$1.3)
JPA = Jordanian Press Association
MB = Muslim Brothers Society
MDW = Migrant and Domestic Workers
MP = Member of Parliament
NSP = National Socialist Party in Jordan (1950s)
PFLP = Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
PLO = Palestine Liberation Organisation
PM = Prime Minister
UNSC = United Nations Security Council
List of Interviews
Taher al-Masri (4 January 2009)
Abd al-Latif ‛Arabiyyat (7 June 2009)
Hammam Sa‛id (13 April 2008)
Hamza Mansour (20 November 2010)
Zaki Bani Irshaid (14 April 2008)
Ibrahim Zaid al-Kilani (16 March 2010)
Asma Khader (19 April 2008)
Na’ela al-Rashdan (13 June 2009)
Toujan Faysal (6 June 2009)
Adab al-Su‛ud (7 June 2009)
Rohile Gahraybeh, (8 April 2010)
Samih al-Ma‛ayta (23 June 2009)
Hayfa’ al-Bashir (24 June 2009)
Nawal al-Fa‛ouri (9 March 2010)
Hayat al-Msaimi (25 March 2010)
‛Abla Abu ‛Elbeh (11 November 2010)
Emily Nafa‛ (18 November 2010)
‛Abed Shakhanbeh (25 March 2010)
‛Azzam al-Hunaidy (23 March 2010)
Heyam Damra (7 April 2008)
Fahd al-Rimawi (14 April 2008)
Ahmad Ismail Nofal (23 April 2008)
Wahdan ‛Iwais (8 June 2009)
Adli Hawwari (2020). Controlled Democratisation: Democracy and Islam in Jordan, 1989-2019 : A Critical Reexamination of the Incompatibility Paradigm. London: Ud Al-Nad.
- cover democracy and Isalm